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原文标题:Why You Might Need an Adventure
链接:https://web.shanbay.com/reading/web-news/articles/suoga 难度:六级/考研 ![]() ![]() |
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Almost everyone knows the first line of Herman Melville's 1851 masterpiece Moby-Dick: "Call me Ishmael."Fewer people may remember what comes next — which might just be some of the best advice ever given to chase away a bit of depression: Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth; whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up the rear of every funeral I meet … then, I account it high time to get to sea as soon as I can. Melville's narrator was ostensibly a 19th-century whaler, whose cure for what he called the "hypos" was to hit the high seas and forget his troubles.Whaling was not exactly curling up with a cup of hot chocolate and a comfort dog; it was a brutal, exhausting, dangerous job. So Ishmael's prescription might seem counterintuitive advice in today's era of self-care.But Melville perhaps knew something that we have forgotten: When life is getting you down, the answer is not more comfort but less.If you're troubled by your own case of the hypos, the remedy may be a tough challenge. In 2017, a scholar at the Murdoch University in Australia proposed a provocative hypothesis about why materially comfortable humans would nonetheless be drawn to difficult, even dangerous tasks. The researcher started from the observation that the universe is at once life-giving and deadly, and that therefore, from the outset, humans needed to embrace risk to flourish.This characteristic, arguably encoded in the genome ever since, may manifest in human beings as a tendency to adopt risky heroic behaviors and admire them in fellow humans. That genetic inheritance gets reinforced by culture — which is why heroic adventure forms the basis of nearly all mythologies.This was Joseph Campbell's famous conclusion in his 1949 study of archetypes, The Hero With a Thousand Faces. In it, Campbell, who was a professor of literature, laid out the structure of the "monomyth," which provides the underlying architecture of a narrative tradition that spans millennia commonly known as the "hero's journey," such as the Old Testament's King David story and George Lucas's Star Wars series. This ur-myth opens with a call to adventure, proceeds through a series of difficult trials and dangerous obstacles, and finally ends in triumph.The psychoanalyst Carl Jung, who, among other things, popularized the concept of archetypes, saw that for anyone, pursuing some metaphorical form of the hero's journey might be indispensable to finding satisfaction in life."Only one who has risked the fight with the dragon and is not overcome by it wins the hoard," he wrote. Evidence from modern researchers does indeed suggest that framing one's life as this type of quest, even when it is difficult or unwelcome, can lead to positive transformation.In one 2023 experiment, scholars asked participants to reframe their life as one that followed the steps in the hero's journey.The researchers found that doing so raised their subjects' sense of purpose; it also made a difficult task more meaningful to them and improved their resiliency to trouble. But beyond simply rewriting your life story to be more of a hero's journey, starting an actual one in the form of a voluntary challenge or adventure can bring immediate and big happiness benefits.Consider a 2013 study finding that experienced climbers tend to derive unusual spiritual inspiration, experience a greater sense of flow, and generally feel happier when they climb mountains. A 2023 meta-analysis of research on outdoor adventures showed that participants in these experiences profited in at least one of four ways: physical and mental balance, personal development, community, and immersion and transformation. A challenging adventure doesn't have to be physical in nature to bestow benefits; it can equally be mental.Indeed, learning new things with a spirit of curiosity and exploration has been shown to induce positive moods.This raises an interesting paradox that appears in this field of happiness research: People derive a lot more happiness from high-skill activities that require learning than they do from low-skill ones that don't, yet we typically settle for the latter. In other words, you will probably be much happier reading about philosophy or science than you will if you just scroll social media — so why are you still scrolling?The obvious answer is that it takes a lot less learning effort and mental focus — and although the happiness benefits of reading Cicero will probably be greater, they are deferred and seem abstract compared with the instant, if largely illusory, gratification of sitting on the couch watching videos on your phone. ![]() ![]() |