地址:https://web.shanbay.com/reading/web-news/articles/qsvpi
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原標題:Is It a Mistake to Exercise for Weight Loss?
地址:https://web.shanbay.com/reading/web-news/articles/qsvpi ![]() ![]() |
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Physically active communities have minimal obesity rates.This was true for all hunter – gatherer societies, for subsistence farmers, and for children who played outdoors. So, how could an article from last year advise people not to exercise for weight loss? The author of the article noted disappointing results for weight loss programs and wanted people to focus on other great benefits of exercise in terms of health, longevity, and happiness.Experiments using exercise to promote weight loss typically provided subjects with approximately 30 minutes per day of moderate exercise such as brisk walking.These manipulations mostly failed to produce any lasting weight loss in people who were overweight. Does this mean that we should abandon exercise as a means of weight control?Hardly. After all, it is clear that people living in physically active communities are not overweight.The problem is not that physical activity does not control body weight but that these subjects did not get enough exercise to regulate body weight at a healthier level. How much is enough?Among indigenous people whose activity levels were studied in careful research, none averaged less than 90 minutes per day of vigorous physical activity. In the minority of studies that had overweight subjects complete 90 minutes of exercise per day, positive results were obtained in terms of permanent weight loss.Not all of the participants benefited, however. This is because modern patterns of inactivity and nutrition alter human physiology in ways that make it difficult to maintain healthy body weight.Sugar in the diet plays a key role, as does insulin, the hormone that regulates sugar levels in the blood. A diet high in sugar causes obesity as established in animal experiments many decades ago in which rodents had unlimited access to sugar-laden drinking water.This principle was confirmed in a natural experiment on humans finding that people who drink a lot of sugary soft drinks are at greater risk of obesity. How does sugar in the diet produce obesity?When people consume sugary snacks, or sweet drinks, their blood sugar rises and insulin is released that draws sugar out of circulation and promotes the synthesis and storage of fats. When the diet contains a lot of sugar, insulin levels are elevated much of the time.Consequently, insulin receptors lose their sensitivity so that blood sugar remains elevated.This condition is known as secondary diabetes and it is associated with obesity as well as many related health problems including high blood pressure, kidney disease, and liver disease. Yet there is encouraging evidence that behavioral measures increasing physical activity and adopting a better diet improve weight regulation and normalize blood sugar. One of the most intriguing pieces of evidence involved urban Aborigines who were overweight and suffered from secondary diabetes.When they returned to their ancestral lifestyle of hunting and gathering, they lost weight and their blood sugar returned to normal levels. These beneficial outcomes reflected greatly increased levels of physical activity and a diet that was more varied, contained more fiber, and lacked refined sugar.Other promising evidence comes from experiments on weight loss using high levels of exercise. The problem with exercising to lose weight is not that it is ineffective; rather, it's that the time commitment is perceived as unreasonable.Overweight people may also suffer injuries from prolonged physical activity that discourage further exercise.This is unfortunate given the many benefits of exercise for health and longevity.Indeed, the exercise time could be more than repaid by increased longevity and improved quality of future life. The benefits of physical activity do not require strenuous activities like running and lifting weights although such activities compress the amount of time required.For many people, it is preferable to select lower-intensity pursuits such as walking, gardening, or crafts like woodwork and house painting.Prolonged bouts of intrinsically interesting hobbies are good at mobilizing fats and save us from the dangers of spending too long sitting down. So, we should exercise to lose weight as well as to reap many other potential benefits, from better health and increased longevity to improved mood and social integration. ![]() ![]() |
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身體活躍的社區肥胖率很低。這對所有狩獵採集社會、自給自足的農民和在戶外玩耍的孩子來說都是如此。 那麼,去年的一篇文章怎麼能建議人們不要為了減肥而運動呢 這篇文章的作者指出,減肥計劃的結果令人失望,並希望人們關注運動在健康、長壽和幸福方面的其他巨大好處。使用運動促進減肥的實驗通常為受試者提供每天約30分鐘的適度運動,如快走。這些操作大多未能使超重的人產生任何持久的體重減輕。 這是否意味著我們應該放棄運動作為控制體重的手段?幾乎沒有。 畢竟,很明顯,生活在體育活動社區的人並不超重。問題不在於體育活動不能控制體重,而在於這些受試者沒有得到足夠的運動來將體重調節到更健康的水平。 多少才夠?在仔細研究其活動水平的土著人中,沒有人平均每天進行少於90分鐘的劇烈體育活動。 在少數研究中,超重受試者每天完成90分鐘的運動,在永久減肥方面取得了積極成果。然而,並非所有參與者都受益。 這是因為現代的不運動和營養模式改變了人體生理,使其難以保持健康的體重。飲食中的糖起著關鍵作用,胰島素也是如此,胰島素是調節血液中糖水平的激素。 高糖飲食會導致肥胖,正如幾十年前動物實驗所證實的那樣,齧齒動物可以無限制地獲得含糖的飲用水。這一原理在一項針對人類的自然實驗中得到了證實,該實驗發現,喝大量含糖軟飲料的人患肥胖症的風險更大。 飲食中的糖是如何導致肥胖的?當人們食用含糖零食或甜飲料時,他們的血糖會升高,胰島素會被釋放出來,將糖從循環中抽出,促進脂肪的合成和儲存。 當飲食中含有大量糖時,胰島素水平在很大程度上會升高。因此,胰島素受體失去敏感性,導致血糖持續升高。這種情況被稱為繼發性糖尿病,它與肥胖以及許多相關的健康問題有關,包括高血壓、腎病和肝病。 然而,有令人鼓舞的證據表明,增加體育活動和採取更好的飲食習慣的行為措施可以改善體重調節,使血糖正常化。 最有趣的證據之一涉及超重和患有繼發性糖尿病的城市原住民。當他們回到祖先狩獵和採集的生活方式時,他們體重減輕,血糖恢復到正常水平。 這些有益的結果反映了身體活動水平的大大提高,飲食更加多樣化,含有更多的纖維,缺乏精製糖。其他有希望的證據來自通過高強度運動減肥的實驗。 鍛鍊減肥的問題不在於它無效;相反,人們認為時間投入是不合理的。超重的人也可能因長時間的體育活動而受傷,從而阻礙了進一步的鍛鍊。考慮到運動對健康和長壽的許多好處,這是不幸的。事實上,鍛鍊時間可以通過延長壽命和提高未來生活質量來獲得回報。 體育活動的好處不需要像跑步和舉重這樣的劇烈活動,儘管這些活動壓縮了所需的時間。對於許多人來說,最好選擇強度較低的活動,如散步、園藝或木工和房屋粉刷等手工藝。長時間的內在有趣愛好有助於調動脂肪,使我們免受久坐的危險。 因此,我們應該鍛鍊來減肥,並獲得許多其他潛在的好處,從更好的健康和延長壽命到改善情緒和社會融合。 ![]() ![]() |